So, you’ve decided to download an older version of Mac OS X. There are many reasons that could point you to this radical decision. To begin with, some of your apps may not be working properly (or simply crash) on newer operating systems. Also, you may have noticed your Mac’s performance went down right after the last update. Finally, if you want to run a parallel copy of Mac OS X on a virtual machine, you too will need a working installation file of an older Mac OS X. Further down we’ll explain where to get one and what problems you may face down the road.

A list of all Mac OS X versions

We’ll be repeatedly referring to these Apple OS versions below, so it’s good to know the basic macOS timeline.

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STEP 1. Prepare your Mac for installation

Given your Mac isn’t new and is filled with data, you will probably need enough free space on your Mac. This includes not just space for the OS itself but also space for other applications and your user data. One more argument is that the free space on your disk translates into virtual memory so your apps have “fuel” to operate on. The chart below tells you how much free space is needed.

Note, that it is recommended that you install OS on a clean drive. Next, you will need enough disk space available, for example, to create Recovery Partition. Here are some ideas to free up space on your drive:

• Uninstall large unused apps
• Empty Trash Bin and Downloads
• Locate the biggest files on your computer:

Go to Finder > All My Files > Arrange by size
Then you can move your space hoggers onto an external drive or a cloud storage.
If you aren’t comfortable with cleaning the Mac manually, there are some nice automatic “room cleaners”. Our favorite is CleanMyMac as it’s most simple to use of all. It deletes system junk, old broken apps, and the rest of hidden junk on your drive.

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.4 - 10.8 (free version)

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.9 (free version)

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.10 - 10.14 (free version)

STEP 2. Get a copy of Mac OS X download

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Normally, it is assumed that updating OS is a one-way road. That’s why going back to a past Apple OS version is problematic. The main challenge is to download the OS installation file itself, because your Mac may already be running a newer version. If you succeed in downloading the OS installation, your next step is to create a bootable USB or DVD and then reinstall the OS on your computer.

How to download older Mac OS X versions via the App Store

If you once had purchased an old version of Mac OS X from the App Store, open it and go to the Purchased tab. There you’ll find all the installers you can download. However, it doesn’t always work that way. The purchased section lists only those operating systems that you had downloaded in the past. But here is the path to check it:

1. Click the App Store icon.
2. Click Purchases in the top menu.
3. Scroll down to find the preferred OS X version.
4. Click Download.

This method allows you to download Mavericks and Yosemite by logging with your Apple ID — only if you previously downloaded them from the Mac App Store.

Without App Store: Download Mac OS version as Apple Developer

If you are signed with an Apple Developer account, you can get access to products that are no longer listed on the App Store. If you desperately need a lower OS X version build, consider creating a new Developer account among other options. The membership cost is $99/year and provides a bunch of perks unavailable to ordinary users.

Nevertheless, keep in mind that if you visit developer.apple.com/downloads, you can only find 10.3-10.6 OS X operating systems there. Newer versions are not available because starting Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.7, the App Store has become the only source of updating Apple OS versions.

Purchase an older version of Mac operating system

You can purchase a boxed or email version of past Mac OS X directly from Apple. Both will cost you around $20. For the reason of being rather antiquated, Snow Leopard and earlier Apple versions can only be installed from DVD.

Buy a boxed edition of Snow Leopard 10.6
Get an email copy of Lion 10.7
Get an email copy of Mountain Lion 10.8

The email edition comes with a special download code you can use for the Mac App Store. Note, that to install the Lion or Mountain Lion, your Mac needs to be running Snow Leopard so you can install the newer OS on top of it.

How to get macOS El Capitan download

If you are wondering if you can run El Capitan on an older Mac, rejoice as it’s possible too. But before your Mac can run El Capitan it has to be updated to OS X 10.6.8. So, here are main steps you should take:

1. Install Snow Leopard from install DVD.
2. Update to 10.6.8 using Software Update.
3. Download El Capitan here.

“I can’t download an old version of Mac OS X”

If you have a newer Mac, there is no physical option to install Mac OS versions older than your current Mac model. For instance, if your MacBook was released in 2014, don’t expect it to run any OS released prior of that time, because older Apple OS versions simply do not include hardware drivers for your Mac.

But as it often happens, workarounds are possible. There is still a chance to download the installation file if you have an access to a Mac (or virtual machine) running that operating system. For example, to get an installer for Lion, you may ask a friend who has Lion-operated Mac or, once again, set up a virtual machine running Lion. Then you will need to prepare an external drive to download the installation file using OS X Utilities.

After you’ve completed the download, the installer should launch automatically, but you can click Cancel and copy the file you need. Below is the detailed instruction how to do it.

STEP 3. Install older OS X onto an external drive

The following method allows you to download Mac OS X Lion, Mountain Lion, and Mavericks.

1. Start your Mac holding down Command + R.
2. Prepare a clean external drive (at least 10 GB of storage).
3. Within OS X Utilities, choose Reinstall OS X.
4. Select external drive as a source.
5. Enter your Apple ID.

Now the OS should start downloading automatically onto the external drive. After the download is complete, your Mac will prompt you to do a restart, but at this point, you should completely shut it down. Now that the installation file is “captured” onto your external drive, you can reinstall the OS, this time running the file on your Mac.

1. Boot your Mac from your standard drive.
2. Connect the external drive.
3. Go to external drive > OS X Install Data.

Locate InstallESD.dmg disk image file — this is the file you need to reinstall Lion OS X. The same steps are valid for Mountain Lion and Mavericks.

How to downgrade a Mac running later macOS versions

If your Mac runs macOS Sierra 10.12 or macOS High Sierra 10.13, it is possible to revert it to the previous system if you are not satisfied with the experience. You can do it either with Time Machine or by creating a bootable USB or external drive.
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Sierra

Instruction to downgrade from macOS High Sierra

Instruction to downgrade from macOS Mojave

Instruction to downgrade from macOS Catalina

Before you do it, the best advice is to back your Mac up so your most important files stay intact. In addition to that, it makes sense to clean up your Mac from old system junk files and application leftovers. The easiest way to do it is to run CleanMyMac X on your machine (download it for free here).

Visit your local Apple Store to download older OS X version

If none of the options to get older OS X worked, pay a visit to nearest local Apple Store. They should have image installations going back to OS Leopard and earlier. You can also ask their assistance to create a bootable USB drive with the installation file. So here you are. We hope this article has helped you to download an old version of Mac OS X. Below are a few more links you may find interesting.

This is a list of default keybindings and controls. You can rebind many of them with the Custom Keybindings menu in-game.

Hotkey-mode Enabled

Hotkey-mode can be toggled on by pressing Tab. Many hotkeys can be reassigned through game preferences -> custom keybindings. This must be done on every server, as keybindings aren't shared between them. Nocd patch safedisc 2 90 40 80.

• W, A, S, D = Move your character
• Q = Drop
• E = Equip
• R = Throw
• B = Resist / Unbuckle yourself / Stop drop and roll when on fire /
• T = Say (opens a new input window)
• G = Give item to someone
• Z/Y = Activate held object
• X = Swap hands
• 4 or F = Toggle
• Hold C = Toggle run/walk mode until released.
• Hold Alt = Block movement, letting you turn your character without moving.
• O = OOC. Consider unbinding it if you fear accidentally saying IC(in character) things in OOC.
• M = emote
• H = Stop Pulling
• U or click the rest button = Rest/lay down. You can crawl while laying down.
• Shift + B = Put in hand item into backpack, or take out last item put into backpack.
• Shift + E = Put in hand item into belt or belt slot, or take out last item put into belt.
• Shift + Q = Put in hand item into suit storage slot, or take out last item put into suit storage slot.
• Numpad 8, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3 = Used for selecting body target. Numbers correspond to location on the target doll. 8 Cycles through Head -> Eyes -> Mouth

Any Mode

• Arrow keys = Move your character.
• Shift + Click = Examine something.
• Shift + Doubleclick = Examine something closer.
• Shift + Right click = Open context menu.
• Shift + Middle Click = Point at something.
• Alt + Click a tile = Open a new tab with a list of all the items of the clicked tile next to you.
• Alt + Click a PDA/tablet = Remove the ID (or pen if there's no id) from the PDA/tablet.
• Control + Click a PDA = Take out pen.
• Control + Shift + Click a PDA = Take out cartridge.
• Alt + Click a locker = Lock the locker.
• Alt + Click a clothing = Toggles any possible aesthetic settings (breath mask up/down, rolling down jumpsuit, buttons labcoat, flip baseball cap etc).
• Alt + Click a bag/container = Opens the container. Also works on things that are in another container.
• Alt + Click a microwave = Turns the microwave on.
• Alt + Click a chem dispenser, chemical heater, ChemMaster 3000 or PanD.E.M.I:C = Ejects any loaded beaker.
• Alt + Click a vent or scrubber while having a 'ventcrawl' ability = Crawl into the pipes. Monkeys, slimes and several other creatures can do this.
• Control + Up/Down = In your text bar will shift through the history of everything you've entered in the red bar at the bottom.
• Control + Click = Pull an object or person you're standing next to.
• While pulling something, click an empty floor tile with empty hand = Drag the pulled object to the clicked floortile if possible.
• End = Toggle throwing mode.
• Page Down = Use the object in your active hand.
• Middle Mouse Button or Page Up = Switch your active hand.
• Click the Drop button on your HUD = Drop the item in your active hand.
• Delete = Stop pulling.
• F12 = Toggle minimal HUD.
• Spacebar = While entering commands in red bar auto-completes them.
• Tab = Toggle between hotkey and normal mode. While in hotkey mode, WASD will move your character.
• Esc = Stops you from being stuck moving in one direction (due to lag or other issues).

Other Humanoid Controls

These are actions you can perform which require other methods than hotkeys.

• your jumpsuit = Change suit sensor mode.
• a stacked item = Split stack.
• Click-drag a person to yourself = Opens the other person's inventory, where you can remove or add worn objects and also turn their internals on or off.
• Open someone's inventory while you are prone next to them = Lets you untie their shoelaces.
• Click-drag yourself to a table = Attempt to climb the table.
• Click table while someone else is attempting to climb it = Push them away.
• Click-drag a bag/container onto another bag/container = Attempts to move all contents of the first bag to the other.
• a prone person aggressively and then drag them to yourself (your sprite) = Fireman carry them.
• Have someone else you aggressively, and then you click and drag your own sprite to them = Piggyback ride them.
• Click a table while fireman carrying person = off: Place gently , or on: Slam their targeted bodypart on the table.
• yourself while aiming for bleeding limb = Grasp your bodypart to slightly reduce blood flow. Must be done with your other arm if one is the one bleeding.
• a small animal and then click-drag the animal to yourself = Scoop up the animal. Doesn't work on all animals.
• a target while holding a container with liquid = Splash the target with the liquid.

• Double-Click a tile = Instantly jump there.
• Double-Click people = Start tracking the person.
• Ctrl + number key (0-9) = Saves your current camera location.
• Number key (0-9) = Jumps camera to saved camera location. Tilde and zero will return you to the last spot you jumped from.

• Shift + Click a door = Open/close.
• Control + Click a door = Bolts down/up.
• Control + Shift + Click a door = Emergency access on/off.
• Alt + Click a door = Electrify on/off.
• Control + Click an APC = Power on/off.
• Control + Click a Turret Control = Power on/off.
• Alt + Click a Turret Control = Lethal/stun mode.

Cyborg Hotkey-mode Enabled

• Cyborgs have many of the basic hotkeys and controls that humans have. You need to not have a module active to be able to open lockers, unbuckle people from chairs and such with your left clicks. But you do not have hands so you can not pick up most things.
  

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Cyborg specific hotkeys:

• X = Cycle active modules
• 1 = Activate first module
• 2 = Activate second module
• 3 = Activate third module

Other Cyborg Controls

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• Click-drag humanoid to self with on = Opens the interact window of the target (undress window).
• Click-drag humanoid to self with off = Buckles target to self.
• Click yourself without active module (or resist) = Unbuckles person from self.
• Use *spin emote with someone buckled to you = Forcefully throws the buckled person forward, which stuns them (even if they didn't hit anything).